The 10th-century manuscript placed it beside Arrian's Periplus of the Black Sea and (apparently mistakenly) also credited Arrian with writing it as well. Erythraean Sea: | | ||| | Map showing the Erythraean Sea off the Horn of Africa.... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. Topics include health, education, economics, agriculture, environment, technology, culture, politics, labour… Muziris, of the same kingdom, abounds in ships sent there with cargoes from Arabia, and by the Greeks; it is located on a river (River Periyar), distant from Tyndis by river and sea five hundred stadia, and up the river from the shore twenty stadia. "From Malao (Berbera) it is two courses to the mart of Moundou, where ships anchor more safely by an island lying very close to the land. Format Paperback. Agatharchides of Cnidus. Further, this area served as a hub for trade with the interior, in the Gangetic plain: Besides this there are ex-ported great quantities of fine pearls, ivory, silk cloth, spikenard from the Ganges, malabathrum from the places in the interior, transparent stones of all kinds, diamonds and sapphires, and tortoise-shell; that from Chryse Island, and that taken among the islands along the coast of Damirica (Limyrike). I. Map: Agatharchides of Cnidus, On the Erythraean Sea 169 BC (Translated by Stanley M. Burstein, 1989 AD) Note: The red numbers (87 - 99) in the map to the left, are from Burnstein's book and correspond to specific sections of text written by Agatharchides. The "Erythraean Sea" is the name in ancient cartography for a body of water located between the Horn of Africa and the Arabian peninsula. Red Sea is a direct translation of the Greek Erythra Thalassa (Ερυθρὰ Θάλασσα).The sea itself was once referred to as the Erythraean Sea by Europeans. "the Red Sea") was an ancient geographical designation that always included the Gulf of Aden between Arabia Felix and the Horn of Africa and was often extended—as in this periplus—to include the present-day Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Ocean as a single maritime area. All the frankincense produced in the country is brought by camels to that place to be stored, and to Cana on rafts held up by inflated skins after the manner of the country, and in boats. Ras Hafun in northern Somalia is believed to be the location of the ancient trade center of Opone. According to the Periplus, numerous Greek seamen managed an intense trade with Muziris: Then come Naura (Kannur) and Tyndis, the first markets of Damirica or Limyrike, and then Muziris and Nelcynda, which are now of leading importance. In these places there remain even to the present time signs of the expedition of Alexander, such as ancient shrines, walls of forts and great wells. The imports to this are as aforesaid [Chapter 8 mentions iron, gold, silver, drinking cups, etc. There are exported from these places spikenard, costus [Saussurea costus], bdellium, ivory, agate and carnelian, lycium, cotton cloth of all kinds, silk cloth, mallow cloth, yarn, long pepper and such other things as are brought here from the various market-towns. It is a fertile country, yielding wheat and rice and sesame oil and clarified butter, cotton and the Indian cloths made therefrom, of the coarser sorts. In ancient times, Opone operated as a port of call for merchants from Phoenicia, Egypt, Greece, Persia, Yemen, Nabataea, Azania, the Roman Empire and elsewhere, as it possessed a strategic location along the coastal route from Azania to the Red Sea. Red Sea, ancient Sinus Arabicus or Erythraean Sea, narrow sea, c.170,000 sq mi (440,300 sq km), c.1,450 mi (2,330 km) long and up to 225 mi (362 km) wide, between Africa (Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea) and the Arabian peninsula (Saudi Arabia and Yemen); a part of the Great Rift Valley. [13], In recent years, Felix Chami has found archaeological evidence for extensive Roman trade on Mafia Island and, not far away, on the mainland, near the mouth of the Rufiji River, which he dated to the first few centuries. Drawn by James Rennell, 1799. For instance, the short section 9 reads in its entirety: From Malao (Berbera) it is two courses to the mart of Moundou, where ships anchor more safely by an island lying very close to the land. There are exported from these places myrrh, a little frankincense, (that known as far-side), the harder cinnamon, duaca, Indian copal and macir, which are imported into Arabia; and slaves, but rarely. The ruler of this kingdom is named Eleazus, or Eleazar, thought to correspond to King Iliazz Yalit I: 27. And after nine days more there is Saphar, the metropolis, in which lives Charibael, lawful king of two tribes, the Homerites and those living next to them, called the Sabaites; through continual embassies and gifts, he is a friend of the Emperors. Tyndis is of the Kingdom of Cerobothra; it is a village in plain sight by the sea. Find World Map Indian Ocean Erythraean Sea stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. The name re-surfaces in late medieval Latin as lacca, borrowed from medieval Arabic lakk in turn borrowed from Sanskritic lakh, meaning lac i.e. [3] By Schoff's calculations, this would have been during the time of Tiberius Claudius Balbilus (who coincidentally also was an Egyptian Greek). Nevertheless, Carl Peters has argued that Rhapta was near modern-day Quelimane in Mozambique,[15] citing the fact that (according to the Periplus) the coastline there ran down towards the southwest. And search more of iStock's library of royalty-free vector art that features Adventure graphics available for quick and easy download. Opone is in the thirteenth entry of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, which in part states: And then, after sailing four hundred stadia along a promontory, toward which place the current also draws you, there is another market-town called Opone, into which the same things are imported as those already mentioned, and in it the greatest quantity of cinnamon is produced, (the arebo and moto), and slaves of the better sort, which are brought to Egypt in increasing numbers; and a great quantity of tortoiseshell, better than that found elsewhere. Ships from Himyar regularly traveled the East African coast. While the river should be regarded as the modern Rufiji River, the bay should definitely be identified with the calm waters between the island of Mafia and the Rufiji area. As well as Mare Rubrum in Latin (alternatively Sinus Arabicus, literally "Arabian Gulf").The Romans called it Ponti Herculis (Sea of Hercules). 172] von Burstein, Stanley M. (ed) und eine große Auswahl ähnlicher Bücher, Kunst und Sammlerstücke erhältlich auf AbeBooks.de. Recent research by the Tanzanian archaeologist Felix A. Chami has uncovered extensive remains of Roman trade items near the mouth of the Rufiji River and the nearby Mafia island, and makes a strong case that the ancient port of Rhapta was situated on the banks of the Rufiji River just south of Dar es Salaam. Of the designated ports on the Erythraean Sea, and the market-towns around it, the first is the Egyptian port of Mussel Harbor [=Myos Hormos]. The word Erithraean gives a perfect meaning as Burning sea in Tamil language, where Ery(Burning) + Thraean(wave or a long sea), the word "thirai" used in similar words like "Thirai kadal" which means a long wave of sea, as the Greek "Ερυθρά" actually means "red". Ancient map (17th century) depicting the locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. On the Erythraean Sea. Sêsatai are the source of malabathron. 17th-century map depicting the locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Jeden Tag werden Tausende neue, hochwertige Bilder hinzugefügt. It is in this region where the concentration of Panchaea/Azanian period settlements has been discovered. Names, routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. "a sailing-around") is a kind of logbook recording sailing itineraries and commercial, political, and ethnological details about the ports visited. [citation needed] Schoff additionally provides an historical analysis as to the text's original authorship,[2] and arrives at the conclusion that the author was a "Greek in Egypt, a Roman subject". If you bought an out of stock item, we will cancel your order and issue a refund. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Ancient Greek: Περίπλους τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς Θαλάσσης, Períplous tē̂s Erythrâs Thalássēs, modern Greek Períplous tis Erythrás Thalássis), also known by its Latin name as the Periplus Maris Erythraei, is a Greco-Roman periplus written in Koine Greek that describes navigation and trading opportunities from Roman Egyptian ports like Berenice Troglodytica along the coast of the Red Sea, and others along Horn of Africa, the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, including the modern-day Sindh region of Pakistan and southwestern regions of India. Many trade goods are mentioned in the Periplus, but some of the words naming trade goods are seen nowhere else in ancient literature, and so we can only guess as to what they might be. The work consists of 66 chapters, most of them about the length of a long paragraph in English. Peters also suggests that the description of the "Pyralaoi" (i.e., the "Fire people") – "situated at the entry to the [Mozambique] Channel" – indicates that they were the inhabitants of the volcanic Comoro Islands. A periplus (Greek: περίπλους, períplous, lit. However, archaeological indicators reported above suggest that it was located on the coast of Tanzania, in the region of the Rufiji River and Mafia Island. The metropolis was on the mainland about one degree west of the coast near a large river and a bay with the same name. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, also known by its Latin name as the Periplus Maris Erythraei, is a Greco-Roman periplus written in Koine Greek that describes navigation and trading opportunities from Roman Egyptian ports like Berenice Troglodytica along the coast of the Red Sea, and others along Horn of Africa, the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, includ (35) The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, written by a Greek merchant during the first century CE, (36) describes a busy maritime world of coastal and oceanic trade between small and large ports in north-east and eastern Africa as far down as Rhapta (a port on the Rufiji River delta in present-day Tanzania, near Kilwa), Arabia, Gujarat and peninsular India, and island South-east Asia, in … The Erythraean Sea([Tamil Language]: எரிதிரை கடல்; Erythirai kadal) (Greek: Ερυθρά Θάλασσα; Erythra Thalassa) is one of the names found in ancient cartography. Translated from the Greek by . And this place has a trade also with the far-side ports, with Barygaza and Scythia and Ommana and the neighboring coast of Persia. There are three grades: what is called big-ball malabathron from the bigger leaves; medium-ball from the lesser leaves; and small-ball from the smaller. Furthermore, Miller points out that Roman coins have been found on Pemba island, just north of Rhapta.[14]. Goods were also brought down in quantity from Ujjain, the capital of the Western Satraps: 48. [34][33], Peters, C., 1902. There are imported into this place the things already mentioned, and many tunics, cloaks from Arsinoe, dressed and dyed; drinking-cups, sheets of soft copper in small quantity, iron, and gold and silver coin, not much. Drawn by James Rennell, 1799. ... Periplus of the Erythraean Sea; Tamils; Roman Egypt; Spice trade; Trade route; Bharuch; Hippalus; Opone; Sino-Roman relations; Christianity in India; Timeline of international trade; Incense trade route; Indian maritime history ; Myos Hormos; Gangaridai; Tigrayans; History of … John Hill maintains that "the Periplus can now be confidently dated to between 40 and 70 AD and, probably, between AD 40 and 50. Terms Item Availability While we try to maintain accurate quantity in our listing, items listed on eBay may be sold elsewhere before the eBay listing ends. Charibael is stated in the Periplus to be "a friend of the (Roman) emperors, thanks to continuous embassies and gifts" and, therefore, Azania could fairly be described as a vassal or dependency of Rome, just as Zesan is described in the 3rd-century Chinese history, the Weilüe.[8][16]. Inland from this place lies the metropolis Sabbatha, in which the King lives. Even today the residents identify these waters as a bay, referring to it as a 'female sea', as opposed to the more violent open sea on the other side of the island of Mafia. The Byzantine manuscript was taken from Heidelberg to Rome during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), then to Paris under Napoleon after his army's conquest of the Papal States in the late 1790s, then returned to Heidelberg's University Library in 1816[25] where it remains. Author Annette Berkovits. Map showing the Erythraean Sea off the Horn of Africa. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea : travel and trade in the Indian Ocean by a merchant of the first century Ort/Verlag/Jahr: (1974) Textile trade in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The Periplus describes the many goods exchanged: 49. Beyond the gulf of Baraca is that of Barygaza and the coast of the country of Ariaca, which is the beginning of the Kingdom of Nambanus and of all India. Nelcynda is distant from Muziris by river and sea about five hundred stadia, and is of another Kingdom, the Pandian. As early as AD 50, Opone was well known as a center for the cinnamon trade, along with the trading of cloves and other spices, ivory, exotic animal skins and incense. They make the voyage to this place in a favorable season who set out from Egypt about the month of July, that is Epiphi. ], and from it likewise are exported the same goods [Chapter 8 mentions myrrh, douaka, makeir, and slaves], and fragrant gum called mokrotou (cf. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is a short work of uncertain date and unknown authorship, written in very difficult Greek. Diese sollte an Stelle des … The kingdom is known to have been a Roman ally at this period. In the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, written in the 1st century AD, as well as in some ancient maps, the name of the sea refers to the whole area of the northwestern Indian Ocean, including the Arabian Sea. The text has been ascribed to different dates between the first and third centuries, but a mid-first century date is now the most commonly accepted. While the author is unknown, it is clearly a firsthand description by someone familiar with the area and is nearly unique in providing accurate insights into what the ancient Hellenic world knew about the lands around the Indian Ocean. [Hakluyt Society Second Series No. According to the Periplus, the ruler of Aksum was Zoscales, who, besides ruling in Aksum also held under his sway two harbours on the Red Sea: Adulis (near Massawa) and Avalites (Assab). The work consists of 66 sections, most of them about the length of a long paragraph in English. II. The Erythraean Sea (Greek: Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα, Erythrà Thálassa, lit. Map showing the Erythraean Sea off the Horn of Africa. On the Erythraean Sea. Very many cattle are pastured there, and the men are of great stature and black in color. In an era before maps were in general use, they functioned as a kind of combination atlas and traveller's handbook. Under the Western Satraps, Barigaza was one of the main centers of Roman trade in the subcontinent. Aksum is mentioned in the Periplus as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world: From that place to the city of the people called Auxumites there is a five days' journey more; to that place all the ivory is brought from the country beyond the Nile through the district called Cyeneum, and thence to Adulis. [24] This edition proved to be a corrupt and error-ridden copy of a 10th-century Byzantine manuscript in minuscule hand. Publisher Tenth Planet Press. The name lakkos appears nowhere else in ancient Greek or Roman literature. Erythraean definition is - of or relating to the sea that in ancient geography comprised the Arabian sea, the Red sea, and the Persian gulf. Locations, names and routes of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century CE). It is concerned with the coasts of the Red Sea and |Indian Ocean and may be described as a combined trade directory and Admiralty Handbook, giving sailing directions and information about navigational hazards, harbours, imports and … The Frankincense kingdom is described further east along the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, with the harbour of Cana (South Arabic Qana, modern Bir Ali in Hadramaut). For instance, a "Rhapta" is mentioned as the farthest market down the African coast of "Azania", but there are at least five locations matching the description, ranging from Tanga to south of the Rufiji River delta. The harbors of both are at the boundary of Egypt, and are bays opening from the Erythraean Sea… The 2nd-century geographer Ptolemy locates Rhapta at latitude 8° south, which is the exact latitude of the Rufiji Delta and Mafia Island. a JPG map of the same concept Diese W3C-unbestimmte Vektorgrafik wurde mit Inkscape erstellt. To those sailing down from that place, on the right hand, after eighteen hundred stadia, there is Berenice. Sep 5, 2015 - The Red Sea, or what is sometimes called the Erythraean Sea, is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Erythra Thalassa: Brain Disrupted by Annette Berkovits. The Erythraean Sea, or in modern spelling, Eritrean Sea (Greek: ... 17th century map depicting the locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. After Eudaemon Arabia there is a continuous length of coast, and a bay extending two thousand stadia or more, along which there are Nomads and Fish-Eaters living in villages; just beyond the cape projecting from this bay there is another market-town by the shore, Cana, of the Kingdom of Eleazus, the Frankincense Country; and facing it there are two desert islands, one called Island of Birds, the other Dome Island, one hundred and twenty stadia from Cana. "[4], Schoff continues by noting that the author could not have been "a highly educated man" as "is evident from his frequent confusion of Greek and Latin words and his clumsy and sometimes ungrammatical constructions. The Periplus informs us that Rhapta, was under the firm control of a governor appointed by Arabian king of Musa, taxes were collected, and it was serviced by "merchant craft that they staff mostly with Arab skippers and agents who, through continual intercourse and intermarriage, are familiar with the area and its language". For example, one trade good mentioned is "lakkos chromatinos". Please do not leave negative or neutral feedback for cancelled orders. [25][29][30][31], Schoff's heavily annotated 1912 English translation[32] was itself based on a defective original;[33] as late as the 1960s, the only trustworthy scholarly edition was Frisk's 1927 French study. Title Erythra Thalassa: Brain Disrupted. locals], counting on this, then turn up in the area, collect what the Sêsatai had spread out, extract the fibers from the reeds, which are called petroi, and lightly doubling over the leaves and rolling them into ball-like shapes, they string them on the fibers from the reeds. In an era before maps were in general use, they functioned as a kind of combination atlas and traveller's handbook. 1658 Jansson Map of the Indian Ocean (Erythrean Sea) in Antiquity - Geographicus - ErythraeanSea-jansson-1658.jpg 5,000 × 4,194; 6.03 MB The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes the trading empire of Himyar and Saba, regrouped under a single ruler, "Charibael" (probably Karab'il Watar Yuhan'em II), who is said to have been on friendly terms with Rome: 23. They come with their wives and children bearing great packs resembling mats of green leaves and then remain at some spot on the border between them and those on the Thina side, and they hold a festival for several days, spreading out the mats under them, and then take off for their own homes in the interior. Sanskrit makaranda). In many cases, the description of places is sufficiently accurate to identify their present locations; for others, there is considerable debate. London: Pearson and Bell, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea&oldid=995410434, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Greek-language sources (el), Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 22:00. "a sailing-around") is a kind of logbook recording sailing itineraries and commercial, political, and ethnological details about the ports visited. The inhabitants who trade here are more stubborn.[6]. Inland from this place and to the east, is the city called Ozene, formerly a royal capital; from this place are brought down all things needed for the welfare of the country about Barygaza, and many things for our trade: agate and carnelian, Indian muslins and mallow cloth, and much ordinary cloth. The Periplus claims that Greek buildings and wells exist in Barigaza, falsely attributing them to Alexander the Great, who never went this far south. The [? [26], The British manuscript was edited by Sigmund Gelen (Czech: Zikmund Hruby z Jeleni) in Prague[27] and first published by Hieronymus Froben in 1533. The Greek city of Alexandria Bucephalous on the Jhelum River is mentioned in the Periplus, as well as in the Roman Peutinger Table: The country inland of Barigaza is inhabited by numerous tribes, such as the Arattii, the Arachosii, the Gandaraei and the people of Poclais, in which is Bucephalus Alexandria, The Periplus was originally known only through a single manuscript dating from the 14th or 15th century, now held by the British Museum. If the island of Menuthias mentioned in the Periplus was Zanzibar, a short voyage south would land one in the Rufiji region. Names, routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The South West monsoon was key for the voyage from the West to India: Ships would leave Egypt in July in order to catch the wind bringing them safely into India in September. Thus three grades of malabathron are produced, and then they are transported into India by the people who make them. Trade with the Indian harbour of Barygaza is described extensively in the Periplus. Download this World Map Of Indian Ocean Erythraean Sea Arabian Sea Bengal Bay Srilanka The Maldives The Seychelles Ceylon India Africa Australia Indonesia Madagascar Geographic Chart With Coastline vector illustration now. The southern part of the bay is protected from the deep sea by numerous deltaic small islets separated from Mafia Island by shallow and narrow channels. To the north the bay is open to the sea and any sailor entering the waters from that direction would feel as if he were entering a bay. He is also said to have been familiar with Greek literature: These places, from the Calf-Eaters to the other Berber country, are governed by Zoscales; who is miserly in his ways and always striving for more, but otherwise upright, and acquainted with Greek literature. This account of a kingdom tracing its beginnings to Alexander's campaigns and the Hellenistic Seleucid empire that followed: The metropolis of this country is Minnagara, from which much cotton cloth is brought down to Barygaza. For instance, the short Chapter 9 reads in its entirety: 1. [1], In the third century, Flavius Philostratus made this comment: "And they say that the sea called Erythra or "red" is of a deep blue colour, but that it was so named, as I said before, from a King Erythras, who gave his own name to the sea in question." The description of the Indian coast mentions the Ganges River clearly, yet after that is somewhat garbled, describing China as a "great inland city Thina" that is a source of raw silk. The anchorage is an open roadstead, sheltered by a spit running out from the east. The imports to this are as aforesaid [Chapter 8 mentions iron, gold, silver, drinking cups, etc. Merchants from as far afield as Indonesia and Malaysia passed through Opone, trading spices, silks and other goods, before departing south for Azania or north to Yemen or Egypt on the trade routes that spanned the length of the Indian Ocean's rim. In the Book of Enoch (Chapter XXXII), Enoch passed over the Erythraean Sea on his way to the Garden of Eden. And for the King there are brought into those places very costly vessels of silver, singing boys, beautiful maidens for the harem, fine wines, thin clothing of the finest weaves, and the choicest ointments. The Periplus also describes the annual fair in present-day Northeast India, on the border with China. Chami summarizes the evidence for Rhapta's location as follows: The actual location of the Azanian capital, Rhapta, remains unknown. There are imported into this market-town (Barigaza), wine, Italian preferred, also Laodicean and Arabian; copper, tin, and lead; coral and topaz; thin clothing and inferior sorts of all kinds; bright-colored girdles a cubit wide; storax, sweet clover, flint glass, realgar, antimony, gold and silver coin, on which there is a profit when exchanged for the money of the country; and ointment, but not very costly and not much. Here the natives are more peaceable. He also maintains that Menuthias (with its abundance of rivers and crocodiles) cannot have been Zanzibar; i.e., Madagascar seems more likely. One historical analysis, published by Schoff in 1912, narrowed the date of the text to AD 59–62,[1] in agreement with present-day estimates of the middle of the 1st century. The name 'Erythraean Sea' has been or is still used for the following places: Prise de Jérusalem par Hérode le Grand.jpg, Unclassified articles missing geocoordinate data, http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9106296, 1794, Orbis Veteribus Notus by Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Erythraean_Sea?oldid=234391, In centuries past the name 'Erythraean Sea' was applied by, The name "Erythraean Sea" was used as well to refer to some, Since 1895, the name has also been applied to a large dusky region on the surface of planet. Datum: 2007: Quelle: self-made, background topographical map from Wikipedia Commons Image:Topographic30deg N0E60.png: Urheber: PHGCOM: Andere Versionen File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg ist eine vektorisierte Version dieses Bildes. That part of it lying inland and adjoining Scythia is called Abiria, but the coast is called Syrastrene. This place also is situated on a river, about one hundred and twenty stadia from the sea ... Damirica or Limyrike is Tamilagam (Tamil தமிழகம்) – the "Tamil country". Nahapana, ruler of the Indo-Scythian Western Satraps is mentioned under the name Nambanus,[17] as ruler of the area around Barigaza: 41. comes the very last port of trade on the coast of Azania, called Rhapta ["sewn"], a name derived from the aforementioned sewn boats, where there are great quantities of ivory and tortoise shell.[12]. The 10th-century Byzantine manuscript which forms the basis of present knowledge of the Periplus attributes the work to Arrian, but apparently for no better reason than its position beside Arrian's much later Periplus of the Black Sea. Immagini su: Map of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Video/Audio su: Map of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Download PowerPoint su: Map of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Altri risultati dai siti.edu su: Map of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Mappa (se applicabile) di: Map of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Altri risultati da ResearchGate su: Map of the Periplus of … "The Eldorado of the Ancients", pages 312–319, 347. Click map to enlarge-Lance Jenott June, 2004 1. ‎The GENERAL HISTORICAL collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. The lost port city of Muziris (near present day Kodungallur) in the Chera kingdom, as well as the Early Pandyan Kingdom are mentioned in the Periplus as major centers of trade, pepper and other spices, metal work and semiprecious stones, between Damirica and the Roman Empire. Title: On the Erythraean Sea. Author: Agatharchides of Cnidus. 4 X Sticker Car Motorbike Flag Eritrea Erythra | Vehicle Parts & Accessories, Motorcycle Accessories, Stickers, Emblems & Flags | eBay! The ancient port city of Malao, situated in present-day Berbera in north central Somaliland, is also mentioned in the Periplus: After Avalites there is another market-town, better than this, called Malao, distant a sail of about eight hundred stadia. 1970- Ort/Verlag/Jahr: ( 2013 ) Erythra Thalassa: Brain Disrupted by Annette Berkovits the voyage favorably about length! From Egypt make the voyage favorably about the length of a long paragraph in.., silver, drinking cups, etc hochwertige Bilder hinzugefügt cotton cloth is brought down quantity., Peters, C., 1902 were in general use, they functioned as a kind combination... 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Is considerable debate be the location of the Ancients '', pages 312–319, 347 leave or... Of Africa bay with the same name do not leave negative or feedback! Mafia island of Roman trade in the Rufiji region in plain sight by the who...: Brain Disrupted by Annette Berkovits, drinking cups, etc Enoch passed over the Erythraean Sea on way., sheltered by a spit running out from the east African coast where the concentration Panchaea/Azanian... An Stelle des … the Erythraean Sea off the Horn of Africa, or,! Horn of Africa Yalit I: 27 island [ Menuthias = Zanzibar? Pemba island, just of... Readers a 19th century view of the Erythraean Sea 312–319, 347 also a... Description of places is sufficiently accurate to identify their present locations ; for,... Roman literature Stelle des … the Erythraean Sea island, just north Rhapta! Peninsula east of Rhapta. [ 6 ] a 10th-century Byzantine manuscript in minuscule hand from the site an! 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